A case-based test is an assessment in which one or more authentic cases form the basis for a series of open and/or closed questions. Each case describes a realistic professional situation or product. Students are asked to define, analyze, and evaluate problems using theories, models, and concepts studied earlier. Hence, a case-based assessment is relevant when you want students to apply, analyze, and evaluate knowledge to solve authentic problems and justify their solutions.
- Purpose of assessment
- Analysis | Application | Evaluation | Understanding
- Mode of assessment
- Digital | Paper-based
- Assessment environment
- On campus | Secure setting
- Group size
- Small | Medium | Large
- Assessment duration
- Medium
- Composition
- Individual
Step-by-step plan
Step 1: From learning objectives to assessment
Determine whether the chosen form of assessment matches the knowledge and/or skills you aim to measure, as described in your learning objective.
Step 2: Assessment matrix
Decide whether the case-based test assesses learning progress, mastery, or reflection. Define the assessment criteria and determine how they are distributed across the learning objectives. Ensure this distribution aligns weighting in your assessment plan. Indicate how many points each criterion is worth.
Step 3: Create the rubric
Develop a grading rubric that translates assessment criteria into observable performance. Choose a type that fits the assignment and purpose (e.g. holistic, analytic, single-point). A clear rubric ensures transparency for students and consistent grading, and can be refined iteratively to align with learning objectives.
Step 4: Develop or select cases
Identify (problem) situations that are authentic and complex enough to test your students' knowledge, for example by checking recent news or emerging trends in your field. Make sure the case(s) is/are authentic, sufficiently detailed, and clearly understandable for your student group.
You have two options:
1. present the case beforehand and let students prepare and study the case before they will make open or closed questions about the case in a secured enviroment.
2. Students will get the case the moment when they start the exam. In that case, make sure cases are unfamiliar to students (not previously covered or used as examples).
Step 5: Construct the test
Develop open and/or closed questions that link directly to key aspects of the case. Make sure each question targets one of the intended learning outcomes, and is suitable for the case(s).
Decide whether the test is open book or closed book, and decide on the duration and conditions.
Step 6: Evaluate and grade
Use a clear rubric to assess students and ensure consistent grading by calibrating with colleagues. For multidisciplinary cases, involve a grading team with expertise across relevant disciplines.
Step 7: Prepare your students
Explain the format, including how to approach case questions. Offer practice cases or self-study assignments, and encourage students to discuss the cases either in class or with peers to develop their skills in answering case-based questions.
Step 8: Administer the test
Provide all case materials and allow sufficient time for reading and analysis. If digital, ensure tools are set up with rubrics and clear instructions.
Step 9: Reflect and improve
Gather student feedback on matters such as clarity, difficulty, and relevance. Update or replace cases regularly to keep the assessment authentic and fair.
Validity
- Use authentic, real-world cases that closely resemble professional scenarios.
Realiability
- Develop a clear rubric with specific criteria for each question and calibrate grading among colleagues to maintain consistency.
Transparancy
- Provide practice opportunities and explain how case-based questions differ from standard exams.
Practicality
- Quality over quantity: focus on developing a few high-quality cases that are authentic and relevant and align with the learning goals, rather than many superficial cases.
Engagement with (Gen)AI
- Clarify, if, and when, AI use is allowed (e.g., during preparation, but not during the exam in a controlled environment).
Inclusivity
- Avoid cases that assume specific cultural knowledge, local norms, or socioeconomic background unless taught explicitly. Review cases for implicit bias (gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disability) in descriptions, roles, or expected solutions.
Open-book case exam
- Students have access to materials. The focus is on applying and analyzing knowledge.
Closed-book case exam
- Tests students’ recall and independent problem-solving skills under time constraints, without access to the materials.
Progressive disclosure case
- Information is revealed step by step. Sudents must adapt their analysis and decisions based on this information.
Team-based case test
- Group collaboration on complex cases, with possible individual reflections or peer assessments.
