Fraude

Fraud is understood to mean: Any acts or omissions of a student aimed at rendering it impossible, either wholly or in part, for the examiner or the Examination Board to make a proper assessment of the student’s knowledge, understanding and skills or of the knowledge, understanding and skills of fellow students.

The following are in any case considered as fraud:

• to appropriate the questions or assignments of an exam before the date or time on which the exam is scheduled;

• to pose as someone else during the exam or to have themselves represented by someone else at the exam;

• to consult or have within reach books, workbooks, notes or other sources of information of which the use is not explicitly permitted during the exam;

• to consult information and/or communication technology of which the use is not explicitly permitted during the exam;

• to use a mobile telephone during the exam. Mobile telephones should be switched off and out of reach during the whole exam. A mobile telephone should therefore not be carried in case of a visit to the toilet during the exam;

• to consult with the exams of other students during the exam or to exchange information in any way whatsoever either inside or outside of the exam room. Providing others the opportunity to commit fraud will also be rebuked as fraud;

• to amend already handed in exams during the inspection afterwards;

• to commit (self)plagiarism, in this context also understood to mean to copy from someone else's work an extract larger than a couple of words literally or translated for the purpose of a paper, thesis or any other form of text being part of the teaching without indicating this by means of quotation marks or another univocal typographic means, and without including bibliographically traceable and correct acknowledgements;

For online proctored exams or take-home exams, the following activities are also considered fraud:

use of someone else’s ID or student card;

• use or attempted use of unpermitted sources and resources, such as internet, mobile phone.

• the student is no longer in sight of the webcam and/or has switched off the microphone, while taking the exam, insofar this takes place outside the (possible) authorized breaks.

• (attempted) technical modifications that undermine the proctor system;

• reaching out – through any means – to fellow students during the exam;

• handing in the exam after the stipulated deadline.

If an invigilator, proctor or lecturer finds reason to suspect a student of committing any type of fraud, they submit this suspicion to the Examination Board, with any evidence available. The board then investigates the case in an objective and thorough fashion. Hearing the student in question is always part of this investigation; the student is offered the opportunity to submit a written account of the situation as well as have a conversation with an Examination Board member. The board then formulates a decision. If the suspicion is proven false, the case is closed. If fraud is indeed established and depending on the gravity of the case, the Examination Board may impose a sanction to the student. Case files are confidential and only the course coordinator/lecturer involved and the student advisor are informed of the suspicion of fraud as well as the outcome of the investigation.

Depending on the gravity of the committed fraud, including repeated fraud, the Examination Board can impose a sanction on the student, including in any case the following:

• reprimand;

• nullification of the assignment, paper or thesis concerned;

• nullification of the exam concerned;

• exclusion from the exam concerned for a period of one year at most;

• exclusion from one or more exam rounds;

• exclusion from handing in the thesis for a period of one year at most

• a combination of the above measures;

• proposal to the Executive Board to definitively end the registration for the program concerned.

If fraud or plagiarism is detected in a group assignment, all members of the group will be held accountable. Every member of the group is required to show evidence that proves their innocence.

The Examination Board is authorized to declare test results invalid in case irregularities prove to have occurred during an exam that make it impossible to consider the exam results as a valid and reliable indicator of students’ skills.

Students may submit an appeal to the Examination Board’s decision with the EUR Examinations Appeals Board within six weeks upon receiving said decision.