dr.

(Richard) RC van Kleef

Profile

Richard van Kleef works as an assistant professor at the institute of Health Policy and Management of the Erasmus University Rotterdam. His focus is on two particular topics in the domain of health insurance: cost sharing and risk adjustment. With respect to the first topic Richard's goal is to develop new forms of cost sharing, which are more effective and more fair than traditional forms of cost sharing. With respect to the second topic his focus is on the evaluation and improvement of risk adjusted capitation payments to competing health plans. Since 2006, Richard is a member of the risk adjustment network (RAN) which mission is to endorse an international exchange of scientific results in the field of risk adjustment and to enhance the usability of this knowledge in the political process.
Research areas
- The design and effects of cost sharing in health insurance
- Risk equalization in competitive health insurance markets

• All publications (65)

  • Article (54)

    • Scholarly Publication (39)

      • A.A. Koster, R.C. van Kleef & F. Eijkenaar (2020). Incorporating self‑reported health measures in risk equalization through constrained regression. The European Journal Of Health Economics. doi: 10.1007/s10198-019-01146-y
      • R.C. van Kleef, F. Eijkenaar, R.C.J.A. van Vliet & M. Nielen (2020). Exploiting Incomplete Information in Risk Adjustment Using Constrained Regression. American Journal of Health Economics, 6 (4), 477-497. doi: 10.1086/710526
      • T.G. McGuire, S. Schillo & R.C. van Kleef (2020). Very High and Low Residual Spenders in Private Health Insurance Markets: Germany, The Netherlands and the US Marketplaces. European Journal of Health Economics. doi: 10.1007/s10198-020-01227-3
      • T.G. McGuire, S. Schillo & R.C. van Kleef (2020). Reinsurance, Repayments, and Risk Adjustment in Individual Health Insurance: Germany, The Netherlands and the U.S. Marketplaces. American Journal of Health Economics, 6 (1), 139-168. doi: 10.1086/706796 [go to publisher's site]
      • T.G. McGuire, R.C. van Kleef & S.C.H.M. van Veen (2020). Paying for Mental Health Care in Private Health Insurance in the Netherlands: Some Lessons for the United States. Psychiatric Services, 71 (6), 538. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000104
      • R.C. van Kleef, F. Eijkenaar & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2019). Selection Incentives for Health Insurers in the Presence of Sophisticated Risk Adjustment. Medical Care Research and Review. doi: 10.1177/1077558719825982 [go to publisher's site]
      • T.J. Layton, T.G. McGuire & R.C. van Kleef (2018). Deriving risk adjustment payment weights to maximize efficiency of health insurance markets. Journal of Health Economics, 61, 93-110. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.07.001
      • F. Eijkenaar, R.C.J.A. van Vliet & R.C. van Kleef (2018). Risk equalization in competitive health insurance markets: Identifying healthy individuals on the basis of multiple-year low spending. Health Services Research. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13065
      • K.P.M. van Winssen, R.C. van Kleef & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2018). Can premium differentiation counteract adverse selection in the Dutch supplementary health insurance? A simulation study. European Journal of Health Economics (HEPAC), 19, 757-768. doi: 10.1007/s10198-017-0918-2
      • S.H.C.M. van Veen, R.C. van Kleef, R.C.J.A. van Vliet & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2018). Exploring the Predictive Power of Interaction Terms in a Sophisticated Risk Equalization Model using Regression Trees. Health Economics, 27, e1-e12. doi: 10.1002/hec.3523
      • A.A. Koster, R.C. van Kleef & F. Eijkenaar (2018). Examining unpriced risk heterogeneity in the Dutch health insurance market. The European Journal Of Health Economics. doi: 10.1007/s10198-018-0979-x
      • F. Eijkenaar, R.C.J.A. van Vliet & R.C. van Kleef (2018). Diagnosis-based Cost Groups in the Dutch Risk-equalization Model: Effects of Clustering Diagnoses and of Allowing Patients to be Classified into Multiple Risk-classes. Medical Care, 56 (1), 91-96. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000828
      • T.G. McGuire & R.C. van Kleef (2017). Introduction to the special section health plan payment in regulatedcompetition. Journal of Health Economics, 56, 234-236. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.007
      • T.J. Layton, R.P. Ellis, T.G. McGuire & R.C. van Kleef (2017). Measuring efficiency of health plan payment systems in managed competition health insurance markets. Journal of Health Economics, 56, 237-255. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.05.004
      • R.C. van Kleef, T.G. McGuire, R.C.J.A. van Vliet & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2017). Improving risk equalization with constrained regression. The European Journal Of Health Economics, 18, 1137-1156. doi: 10.1007/s10198-016-0859-1
      • D. Cattel, R.C. van Kleef & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2017). A method to simulate incentives for cost containment under various cost sharing designs: an application to a first-euro deductible and a doughnut hole. European Journal of Health Economics (HEPAC), 18 (8), 987-1000. doi: 10.1007/s10198-016-0843-9
      • K.P.M. van Winssen, R.C. van Kleef & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2017). A voluntary deductible in health insurance: the more years you opt for it, the lower your premium? European Journal of Health Economics (HEPAC), 18 (2), 209-226. doi: 10.1007/s10198-016-0767-4
      • W.P.M.M. van de Ven, R.C.J.A. van Vliet & R.C. van Kleef (2017). How can the regulator show evidence of (no) risk selection in health insurance markets? Conceptual framework and empirical evidence. European Journal of Health Economics (HEPAC), 18 (2), 167-180. doi: 10.1007/s10198-016-0764-7
      • K.P.M. van Winssen, R.C. van Kleef & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2016). The demand for health insurance and behavioural economics. The European Journal Of Health Economics, 17 (6), 653-657. doi: 10.1007/s10198-016-0776-3
      • K.P.M. van Winssen, R.C. van Kleef & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2016). Potential determinants of deductible uptake in health insurance: How to increase uptake in The Netherlands? The European Journal Of Health Economics, 17 (9), 1059-1072. doi: 10.1007/s10198-015-0745-2
      • R.C. van Kleef, R.C.J.A. van Vliet & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2016). Overpaying morbidity adjusters in risk equalization models. European Journal of Health Economics (HEPAC), 17, 885-895. doi: 10.1007/s10198-015-0729-2
      • S.H.C.M. van Veen, R.C. van Kleef, W.P.M.M. van de Ven & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2015). Is There One Measure-of-Fit that Fits All? A Taxonomy and Review of Measures-of-Fit for Risk Equalization Models. Medical Care Research and Review, 72 (2), 220-243. doi: 10.1177/1077558715572900
      • K.P.M. van Winssen, R.C. van Kleef & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2015). How profitable is a voluntary deductible in health insurance for the consumer? Health Policy, 119 (5), 688-695. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.02.009
      • S.H.C.M. van Veen, R.C. van Kleef, W.P.M.M. van de Ven & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2015). Improving the prediction model used in risk equalization: cost and diagnostic information from multiple prior years. The European Journal Of Health Economics, 16 (2), 201-218. doi: 10.1007/s10198-014-0567-7
      • W.P.M.M. van de Ven, R.C. van Kleef & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2015). Hoe kan de Nederlandse Zorgautoriteit (NZa) risicoselectie op de zorgverzekeringsmarkt aantonen en meten? Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidswetenschappen, 93 (4), 147-156. doi: 10.1007/s12508-015-0058-y
      • W.P.M.M. van de Ven, R.C. van Kleef & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2015). Risk Selection Threatens Quality Of Care For Certain Patients: Lessons From Europe’s Health Insurance Exchanges. Health Affairs, 34 (10), 1713-1720. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1456
      • R.C. van Kleef, R.C.J.A. van Vliet & E.M. van Rooijen (2014). Diagnoses-based cost groups in the Dutch risk-equalization model: The effects of including outpatient diagnoses. Health Policy, 115 (1), 52-59. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.07.005
      • R.C. van Kleef, R.C.J.A. van Vliet & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2013). Risk equalization in The Netherlands: an emperical evaluation. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research, 13 (6), 829-839. doi: 10.1586/14737167.2013.842127
      • K.P.M. van Winssen, R.C. van Kleef & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2013). Saving for health care: an interesting option to increase the attractiveness of voluntary deductibles. Health and Ageing.
      • R.C. van Kleef, W.P.M.M. van de Ven & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2013). Risk selection in a regulated health insurance market: a review of the concept, possibilities and effects. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research, 13 (6), 743-752. doi: 10.1586/14737167.2013.841546
      • R.C. van Kleef & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2012). Improving Risk Equalization Using Multiple-year High Cost as a Health Indicator. Medical Care, 50 (2), 140-144. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31822ebf8b
      • R.C. van Kleef, R.C.J.A. van Vliet & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2012). Risicoverevening tussen zorgverzekeraars: Kwantificering modelverbeteringen 1993-2011. TSG, 90 (5), 312-326.
      • R.C. van Kleef, W.P.M.M. van de Ven & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2012). How Can We Bend the Cost Curve|? Inquiry. A Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing, 48, 321-313.
      • R.C. van Kleef & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2011). Prior Use of Durable Medical Equipment as a Risk Adjuster for Health-Based Capitation. Inquiry. A Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing, 47, 343-358. doi: 10.5034/inquiryjrnl_47.04.343
      • R.C. van Kleef, K. Beck & F. Buchner (2010). Risk-Type Concentration and Efficiency Incentives: A Challenge for the Risk Adjustment Formula. The Geneva Papers, 35, 503-520. doi: 10.1057/gpp.2010.25
      • R.C. van Kleef, W.P.M.M. van de Ven & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2009). Shifted deductibles for high risks: More effective in reducing moral hazard than traditional deductibles. Journal of Health Economics, 28, 198-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.09.007
      • R.C. van Kleef, K. Beck, W.P.M.M. van de Ven & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2008). Risk equalization and voluntary deductibles: A complex interaction. Journal of Health Economics, 27, 427-443. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2007.06.001
      • R.C. van Kleef, K. Beck, W.P.M.M. van de Ven & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2007). Does risk equalization reduce the viability of voluntary deductibles? International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics, 7, 43-58. doi: 10.1007/s10754-007-9011-1
      • R.C. van Kleef, W.P.M.M. van de Ven & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2006). A voluntary deductible in social health insurance with risk equalization: "community-rated or risk-rated premium rebate?". The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 73, 529-550. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6975.2006.00187.x

    • Professional Publication (15)

      • R.C. van Kleef, R.C.J.A. van Vliet, F. Eijkenaar & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2019). Compenseer zorg­verzekeraars beter voor verlies op chronisch zieken. Economisch-Statistische Berichten. [go to publisher's site]
      • R.C. van Kleef & H. Kawaguchi (2016). Long term care in the Netherlands: Towards managed competition? Japanese Journal of Health Economics and Policy.
      • R.C. van Kleef, R.C.J.A. van Vliet & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2015). Risicoselectie tegengaan met behoud van doelmatigheid. Economisch-Statistische Berichten, 100 (4720), 628-631.
      • K.P.M. van Winssen, R.C. van Kleef & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2014). Vrijwillig eigen risico profijtelijker dan gedacht. Economisch-Statistische Berichten, 99 (4696), 658-661.
      • F.T. Schut, R.C. van Kleef & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2014). Zorgstelsel spoort nog onvoldoende aan tot goede kwaliteit. Economisch-Statistische Berichten, 99 (4686), 326-329.
      • W.P.M.M. van de Ven, R.C. van Kleef & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2013). Risicoselectie bij overstap zorgverzekeraar. Economisch-Statistische Berichten, 98 (4673), 714-717.
      • R.C. van Kleef & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2012). Gepaste eigen betalingen in de basisverzekering. Economisch-Statistische Berichten, 97 (4644S), 24-30.
      • K.P.M. van Winssen, R.C. van Kleef & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2012). Zorgsparen reduceert zorgkosten. Economisch-Statistische Berichten, 97 (4643), 548-551.
      • R.C. van Kleef (2012). Managed competition in the Dutch Health Care System: Preconditions and experiences so far. Public Policy Review, 8 (2), 171-190.
      • K.P.M. van Winssen, R.C. van Kleef & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2012). Naschrift bij: Zorgsparen reduceert zorgkosten. Economisch-Statistische Berichten, 97 (4646), 647-647.
      • R.C. van Kleef, W.P.M.M. van de Ven & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2010). Een solidair eigen risico in de zorg. Economisch-Statistische Berichten, 95 (4592), 522-524.
      • R.C. van Kleef, W.P.M.M. van de Ven & R. van Vliet (2007). Een effectiever eigen risiso in de zorg. Economisch-Statistische Berichten, 92 (4515), 459-461.
      • R.C. van Kleef, W.P.M.M. van de Ven & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2006). Premiekorting bij een eigen risico: solidariteit versus doelmatigheid. Economisch-Statistische Berichten, 2 (6), 253-255.
      • R.C. van Kleef (2006). De nieuwe zorgverzekeringswet: solidariteit gewaarborgd? Aenorm, 52, 8-13.
      • R.C. van Kleef, W.P.M.M. van de Ven & R.C.J.A. van Vliet (2005). Premiekorting bij een eigen risico: geen verbod op differentiatie. Economisch-Statistische Berichten, 5, 203-205.

  • Part of book - Chapter (6)

    • R.C. van Kleef, T. McGuire, F.T. Schut & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2019). Strategies to Counteract Risk Selection in Social Health Insurance Markets. In A. Jones (Ed.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance. New York: Oxford University Press [go to publisher's site] doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190625979.013.62
    • R.C. van Kleef, F.T. Schut & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2018). Premium Regulation, Risk Equalization, Risk Sharing, and Subsidies: Effects on Affordability and Efficiency. In T.G McGuire & R.C. van Kleef (Eds.), Risk Adjustment, Risk Sharing and Premium regulation in Health Insurance Markets: Theory and Practice (pp. 21-54). London: Academic Press [go to publisher's site]
    • T.G. McGuire & R.C. van Kleef (2018). Risk sharing. In T.G. McGuire & R.C. Van Kleef (Eds.), Adjustment, Risk Sharing and Premium Regulation in Health Insurance Markets: Theory and Practice (pp. 105-129). London: Academic Press [go to publisher's site]
    • T.J. Layton, R.P. Ellis, T.G. McGuire & R.C. van Kleef (2018). Evaluating the Performance of Health Plan Payment Systems. In T.G. McGuire & R.C. Van Kleef (Eds.), Risk Adjustment, Risk Sharing and Premium Regulation in Health Insurance Markets: Theory and Practice (pp. 133-167). London: Academic Press [go to publisher's site]
    • R.C. van Kleef, F. Eijkenaar, R.C.J.A. van Vliet & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2018). Health Plan Payment in the Netherlands. In T.G. McGuire & R.C. Van Kleef (Eds.), Risk Adjustment, Risk Sharing and Premium Regulation in Health Insurance Markets: Theory and Practice (pp. 397-429). London: Academic Press
    • T.G. McGuire & R.C. van Kleef (2018). Regulated Competition in Health Insurance Markets: Paradigms and Ongoing Issues. In T.G. McGuire & R.C. Van Kleef (Eds.), Risk Adjustment, Risk Sharing and Premium Regulation in Health Insurance Markets: Theory and Practice (pp. 3-20). London: Academic Press [go to publisher's site]

  • Book editorship (1)

    • T.G. McGuire & R.C. van Kleef (Ed.). (2018). Risk Adjustment, Risk Sharing and Premium Regulation in Health Insurance Markets: Theory and Practice. London: Academic Press

  • Report (1)

    • R.C. van Kleef, F.T. Schut & W.P.M.M. van de Ven (2014). Evaluatie Zorgstelsel en Risicoverevening. Acht jaar na invoering Zorgverzekeringswet: succes verzekerd? (Extern rapport, no 2014.01). Rotterdam: iBMG, Erasmus Universiteit [go to publisher's site]

  • Doctoral thesis (1)

    • R.C. van Kleef (2009, februari 6). Voluntary Deductibles and Risk Equalization: A complex interaction. EUR (177 pag.) (Rotterdam) Prom./coprom.: prof.dr. W.P.M.M. van de Ven & dr. R.C.J.A. van Vliet.

  • Supervised Theses (2)

    • K.P.M. van Winssen (2017, januari 20). Determinants of the demand for health insurance coverage. EUR (219 pag.) Prom./coprom.: prof.dr. W.P.M.M. van de Ven & dr. R.C. van Kleef.
    • S.H.C.M. van Veen (2016, april 7). Evaluating and Improving the Predictive Performance of Risk Equalization Models in Health Insurance Markets. EUR Prom./coprom.: prof.dr. W.P.M.M. van de Ven, dr. R.C. van Kleef & dr. R.C.J.A. van Vliet.

• Teaching (10)

  Module Knowledge

  Title

  Module Knowledge

  Year

  2020

  Year level

  bachelor 2

  Year

  2020

  Year level

  bachelor 2

  Year

  2020

  Year level

  pre-master

  Economics and Financing

  Title

  Economics and Financing

  Year

  2020

  Year level

  master, master, master, master

  Master Thesis HE

  Title

  Master Thesis HE

  Year

  2020

  Year level

  master, master

  Module Knowledge

  Title

  Module Knowledge

  Year

  2020

  Year level

  bachelor 1

  Year

  2020

  Year level

  bachelor 2

  Master Thesis HEPL

  Title

  Master Thesis HEPL

  Year

  2020

  Year level

  master

  Integration project

  Title

  Integration project

  Year

  2020

  Year level

  bachelor 1

  Academic Development & Skills

  Title

  Academic Development & Skills

  Year

  2020

  Year level

  bachelor 1

• Present position

  Associate Professor

  University

  Erasmus University Rotterdam

  School

  Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management

  Department

  Health Systems and Insurance (HSI)

  Country

  The Netherlands

  Telephone

  0104088950